Nutrition Publications

In the last three years, the global pandemic has amplified lifestyle and nutritional shifts of families everywhere. While this rapid change has led to prioritization of health and wellbeing, new health challenges also came about.

Middle childhood and early adolescence have received disproportionately low levels of scientific attention relative to other life stages, especially as related to nutrition and health. This review highlights the specificities of growth and development in school age, with a focus on middle childhood and early adolescence (5 years–15 years of age, for the purposes of this review), the role of nutrition, the short- and long-term consequences of inadequate nutrition, and the current global status of nutrition in this age group.

At the 2022 58th EASD Annual Meeting held in Stockholm, Sweden, Nestlé Nutrition Institute and Nestlé
Health Science hosted the Symposium: “Implications of Elevated Postprandial Glucose and Nutritional
Approaches for Postprandial Glucose Management with a Focus on Whey Proteins” on September 19,
2022. The speakers were Dr. John Sievenpiper from the University of Toronto, Canada and Dr. Bo Ahrén
from Lund University, Sweden. Dr. Sievenpiper discussed the pathophysiology and clinical implications
of postprandial hyperglycemia, nonpharmacological approaches for PPG management, and how it may
impact CV/vascular risk, insulin resistance, and other co-morbidities with illustrations. Dr. Ahrén
discussed the benefits of using whey protein for PPG management as well as novel data for how whey
proteins and branched chain amino acids may influence postprandial glucose management.

Preterm babies need special care when parents take them home from the hospital as there are special requirements for feeding and growth, and adverse health outcomes may possibly occur. Join us in celebrating this year's World Prematurity Day with these important points to guide parents on the care of premature babies.

Food allergies are a growing health epidemic, with population-based surveys in the USA estimating that up to 8% of children and 11% of adults are now living with a food allergy. During the 1990s and early 2000s, international guidelines recommended the avoidance of commonly problematic food during infancy due to the belief that early introduction of these foods may increase the risk of allergies. However, beginning with the publication of the LEAP trial in 2015,3 a paradigm shift in the understanding of food allergy prevention has occurred. Clinical guidelines now generally recommend the introduction of potentially allergenic food after 4–6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. This symposium occurred during the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Congress, 2022 and discussed early allergen introduction and food allergy prevention.

At this year’s 39th International Symposium on Diabetes and Nutrition, held in Anavyssos, Greece, Nestlé Health Science sponsored a series of presentations and plenary lectures with a focus on the effects of weight loss, micronutrients, nutritional supplements, and alternative dietary patterns in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular risk reduction.

The world has gone through immense and rapid changes, and this has affected how we nourish and care for our children. While nutrition has improved overall, new challenges continue to arise, like the hike in childhood obesity, overlapping nutrition problems, and
climate change that threatens food security. These issues, and possible interventions, such as support for breastfeeding and a collaborative approach in different sectors are discussed more thoroughly in this edition of Annales.

CoMiSSTM is a clinical tool developed to increase awareness among healthcare professionals (HCP) of possible symptoms of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in infants. During this symposium, leading experts in the field of paediatric gastroenterology, allergy, and nutrition highlighted how CoMiSSTM can facilitate awareness of CMA and support HCPs in improving the patient journey from symptom presentation to diagnosis.

Nutrition over the past 100 years has brought about a wealth of new information that has shifted the focus from nutrition of the child as an individual, to the community and the environment. As we navigate towards solving the pertinent malnutrition problems, we look back at the history of pediatric nutrition research and look forward to the emerging new fields of studies—from the forms of malnutrition, more insights on the microbiome, HMOs and components of human milk, nutritional genomics, to dietary patterns and development of food preferences and how these may relate to future health—that aim to make an impact towards a healthier future.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse oligosaccharides present in breast milk, supporting the development of the gut microbiota and immune system. Previously, 2-HMO (2’fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neotetraose) compared to control formula feeding was associated with reduced risk of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), in part linked to lower acetate and higher bifidobacteria proportions. Here, our objective was to gain further insight into additional molecular pathways linking the 2-HMO formula feeding and LRTI mitigation.

New allergy triggers, such as peanuts are becoming relevant. Recent research confirms that early tolerance formation can significantly reduce the risk of peanut contact. On the other hand, studies show that supplementation with human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) may reduce the risk of cow's milk allergy. Even for therapy, such supplementation with HMO is promising. In this publication you will get update on current state of allergy research.

The current pandemic and the concerns of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have contributed to increasing the rate of breastfeeding interruption. This tendency has been associated with negative effects on the well-being of lactating mothers and their infants. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on the strategies to support breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic and on the safety of breastfeeding during a SARS-CoV-2 infection or after COVID-19 vaccination.

Studies have shown that aside from its health effects on babies, breastfeeding also positively impacts maternal health. Breastfeeding has been strongly associated with decreased maternal risk of type 2 diabetes, breast and ovarian cancers .Meanwhile, the definite link between breastfeeding and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has not been fully established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to address this gap, as it presents the association between breastfeeding and maternal risk for CVD events, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and fatal CVD .

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important biological functions for a healthy development in early life. This study aimed to investigate gut maturation effects of an infant formula containing five HMOs (20-fucosyllactose, 20,3-di-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 30- sialyllactose, and 60-sialyllactose). 

Thise Editorial highlights middle childhood and adolescence, between 5 and 19 years of age, as a transformative period in the lifecycle. These “school-age years” bridge early life and adulthood through significant and specific physiologic, somatic, cognitive, and psychosocial bursts of change.

The maximum rate of bone mass accumulation occurs during the school-age years and plateaus in late adolescence, after which little incremental accrual will occur.