Articles and Books

Human milk is the gold standard of infant nutrition, rich in essential nutrients and bioactive compounds that support growth, development and overall health. The bioactive compounds in human milk protect against infections, promote healthy gut microbiota, and aid in brain development. While current research explores the role of specific bioactives in infant health, further studies are crucial to fully understand the complex interactions among these components and their long-term impact on infant growth and development.

The gastrointestinal tract holds a central function in digestion, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste materials. Being the largest immune organ, it houses trillions of microorganisms which constitute the gut microbiota. Gut immaturity, especially in the first months of life, make infants prone to Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs) such as regurgitation, colic, and constipation. Recent studies show that about 31.4% of infants aged 0 to 1 year visiting pediatric clinics were found to have these conditions. Given how vulnerable the gut-brain axis is perinatal period and early

Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects nearly 30% of children globally, often beginning in early childhood. It is closely linked to food and respiratory allergies and can persist into adulthood in 38% of cases, leading to significant physical, mental and socioeconomic impacts. The development of AD is driven by gene-environment interactions that weaken the skin barrier, allowing allergens and pathogens to penetrate, causing dryness, inflammation and itching. AD often initiates the "atopic march," where skin inflammation leads to other allergic