Human milk benefit research, more to learn? Norbert Sprenger

More studies have now shown the associations in which HMOs affect health and development. Such as Sialylated HMOs and 3’SL and stunting, and FUT2 positive milk and reduced rate ratio for respiratory infections. But Human Milk Oligosaccharide (HMO) composition has many factors are to be considered—with maternal FUT2 and 3 status and time of lactation having the largest effect, at the same time there are many mechanisms still to be explored. Interaction analysis of milk components with the infant gut microbiota provides additional insights, and future human milk research should move from association to causation as guided by understanding the interaction networks of these milk components.