High protein intake in early stage of life is associated with accelerated weight gain during infancy and early childhood, which is a strong predictor of childhood and adult obesity. After birth, promotion of breastfeeding beyond 6 months is important to prevent excessive weight gain during infancy. This presentation focus on the impact of high protein intake in infancy on long term health.

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant component of human milk. Originally HMOs were discovered because of their prebiotic effect. Science evolved and currently it is already known that their effects go beyond the bifidogenic one, benefiting infants in many different ways. In this presentation you will find information about basic science and potential benefits of HMOs.

Some types of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) are now commercially available and are being added to infant formula. This presentation compiles the main results of the 3 clinical studies done with infant formulas with addition of one HMO (2’-fucosyllactose – 2’FL) or 2 HMOs (2’FL and lacto-N-neotetraose – LNnT).

There is ongoing confusion between lactose intolerance (LI) and cow’s milk allergy (CMA) which may lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate dietary management. The treatment of LI involves the reduction, but not complete elimination, of lactose-containing foods.