Human Milk Oligosaccharides support immune protection through the early life microbiome

Clinical observational studies with breastfed infants and interventional trials with formula fed infants in combination with basic research position HMOs as multifunctional innate breastmilk component. HMOs shape the establishing early life gut microbiota and supposedly help the development of appropriate immune competence. This is particular evident in situations of an early life dysbiotic microbiota such as seen upon C-section birth.